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The Nature of Play Essay - 1804 Words

Scenario) You are working in an Early Years setting and within the team there is conflict about the nature of play and its role in the curriculum. Demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the nature of play, explain what it is, why children engage in it and how it contributes to children’s development and learning. Critically engage with the literature and include the views of key theorists about the significance of play ‘Early childhood education is underpinned by a strong tradition which regards play as essential to learning and development’ (Wood Attefield, 2005: 1). This view is derived from educators such as Vygotsky, Frobel, Bruce, Isaac and Moyles who have carried out various research and observations on the effects of†¦show more content†¦Such an importance is highlighted by Vygotsky: ‘in play, a child always behaves beyond his average age, above his daily behaviour, in play it is as though he were a head taller than his normal self’ (Tassoni Beith, 2002:366) Hence the engagement of play allows children to demonstrate knowledge and abilities which are beyond their everyday competence. On the other hand, despite play allowing children to gain new knowledge and experience, it can also allow them to express skills and techniques they already posses, allowing them to adapt, refine and use them in new situations. ‘Every human child is born with the biological possibility to play’ as stated by (Bruce, 2001) therefore many children are eager to play when given the right environment and resources. Play is an activity that is self driven and freely chosen by each individual child thus making it more likely to be carried out. ‘Whilst playing, a child creates their own rules therefore he or she is determining what is the right or wrong way to carry out the activity’ (Wood Attefield, 2005). This open structure to play, leads a child to experiment and engage in new situations without the fear of failure thus fostering their mental growth. The notion of play allows a child to take on an ‘inventive role in constructing new ideas and setting their own goals’ as described by Smidth (2002:8) thus allowing them to build onShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature in a Shakespearean Play1446 Words   |  6 Pagesabout human life and personality from novels than from scientific psy chology† – Noam Chomsky The audience in a play is the most important aspect because of each individual’s interpretation and point of view. While an author or playwright may have certain themes or things to be reflected in the play, that may not always happen and several plays often have several meanings or theme. A play written by William Shakespeare has stood the test of time and sparked many debates, regarding the many themes andRead MoreHuman Nature in Shakespears Plays2096 Words   |  9 PagesTopic- in Shakespeare’s plays how is his unusual detailed knowledge of nature as well as of human beings shown? Shakespeare was a man who deeply loved nature and the beauty of it. He was not just an author who experienced and enjoyed nature but also as someone who studied, understood and knew nature intimately. In this essay there will be discussions about how Shakespeare would often use examples from nature to describe the nature of human beings in his plays and how did he show a deep understandingRead MoreEssay The play Amadeus and the Destructive Nature of Jealousy533 Words   |  3 Pages The play quot;Amadeusquot; is Mainly Concerned With the Destructive Nature of Jealousy This passage is all too true, both in Peter Shaffers ‘Amadeus and in life in general. However the play is also concerned with the destructive nature of ignorance and naivety. Salieri is jealous not just of Mozarts talent, but of the fact that God gave the talent to â€Å"Mozart †¦ spiteful, sniggering, conceited, infantine Mozart†. He is envious of the vessel of Gods laughter at the ‘patron saint of mediocrityRead MoreSophocles Antigone : A Play That Deals With The Nature Of Justice2010 Words   |  9 PagesSophocles’ Antigone is a play that deals with the nature of justice on multiple levels. But at its core, the play centers around the plight of the titular Antigone, as she attempts to find a proper burial for her brother Polyneices. However, Antigone’s mission directly contradicts the decree of the powerful Creon, who refuses to allow Polyneices this burial, even if such a stance goes against the will of the gods. Eventually, Creon responds to the ire of the gods and finally gives Polyneices an honorableRead MoreThe Ideas Of Theorists That Have Influenced The Changing Nature Of Play3164 Words   |  13 Pageschanging nature of play and how practitioners can plan purposeful play within curriculums, approaches and frameworks. Other key points of this essay include how play and recreation enrich the lives of children or young adults and what that means for practitioners. Hurd and Anderson, (2011) states that â€Å"play is imaginative, intrinsically motivated, nonserious, freely chosen and actively engaging, where as recreation is an activity of leisure and considered to be ‘fun’. Over the centuries play has changedRead More Nature Versus Nurture: Both Play a Role in Development Essay528 Words   |  3 PagesNature versus nurture is a commonly debated topic in the scientific world. For example were all child molesters abused as children themselves or are their genes or other factors to blame for their bad decisions? Genes seem to determine much about children, such as eye color and height, but do they also determine behavior and overall health, or is the environment the children were raised in to blame? For example, when a child is misbehaving, is it the parents responsibility to take the blame forRead MoreDo Humans Play Climate Change Or Is It Just Mother Nature?916 Words   |  4 PagesDo humans play a part in climate change or is it just mother nature? I believe that humans are play the main role in climate change. Since the Industrial age humans have played the main role in climate change because of greenhouse gases which cause the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gas that we emit is carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, the other greenhouse gases that we emit are methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Fluorinated gases. These greenhouse gases will absorb and re-emit someRead MoreNurture Plays a More Dominant Role in Humans Development than Nature986 Words   |  4 Pagescountless decades now and is better known as â€Å"Nature versus Nurture†. The continuous controversy on whether or not children develop their psychological attributes based on genetics (nature) or the way in which they have been raised (nurture) has pondered the minds of psychologists for years. Through thorough experiments, studies, and discussions however, it is easy to see that nurture is far more important in the development of a human than nature. The Nature versus Nurture argument can be traced backRead MoreThe Omen: Forces of Nature Play a Very Important Role in Julius Caesar1127 Words   |  5 PagesForces of nature play a very important role in Julius Caesar. There is much attention paid to omens and nightmares and how they foreshadow Caesars death. The events that lead to the death of Julius Caesar are predicted by omens from multiple characters such as Calpurnia, Caesars wife, the Soothsayer, and a teacher, Artemidorus. The omens in the play were ignored by a majority of the main characters. Even though ignored, these omens appear even after Caesars death to show the guilt-ridden nature of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello Is A Play About Human Nature And Relationships1400 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare s Othello is a play about human nature and relationships. By studying these human relationships, differences in race, gender and class suggest that as in all other societies, Venetian society consists both of empowered groups, and constrained groups. These relationships, discussed with reference to Othello, Desdemona, Iago, Emilia, Cassio, Bianca, Lodovico and a number of other characters, are revealed through words and actio ns. The relationship between Iago and Emilia is a superb example

Game Engines free essay sample

Game engines are collections of modules of simulation code that developers come up with to create and develop video games. They offer a software setup that handles sound, 2D or 3D graphics, language (more often known as scripting), artificial intelligence, memory management, streaming, threading, generic physics and/or dynamics for the gaming environment among others. The game engines have not always been here; their development has progressed with time and with them come various factors, that is: a) Their origin and history, b) The concept of reusability and middleware, c) The major types available today, ) Their uses of game engines, e) Their effects to the person, f) and Their effects to the society. Historical research has shown that game engines development began in the early 1989 with developing Ultima Underworld. Followed in 1993 by Doom Engine developed by ID software with the ability to represent objects in 2D but creating illusion of a 3D title. We will write a custom essay sample on Game Engines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before invention of game engine developers had to start developing from the beginning every time they produced a new game. Introduction of Doom and invention of the reusable engine, time spent coding the basic reduced significantly (Lilly, 2009). In 1993, there was development of Nuke Nukem 3D in 1993 with help of Build Engine and it created 3D illusions in 2D interface through varying sectors with different heights. In 1995, the first 3D engine developed in DOS base was the XnGine that used high-resolution graphics. In 1996, ID Software came up with Quake engine. It had very little processing requirements and a less-strained CPU (Kaufmann). In 1996, developers introduced Renderware and it became a very popular engine for various multiplatform games among them GameCube, Xbox, PlayStation 3, and PSP. In 1997, there was development of Quake II also known as ID Tech 2 engine it supported OpenGL (Open Graphics Library), colored light effects, DLL and the command in C. Introduction of GoldSRC in the market marked a new turning point since it had OpenGL and Direct3D. Next was Unreal engine in 1998 with its own language and map editor, UnrealScript and UnrealEd respectively. Quake III was an edition Quake II developed in 1999. With the second year of the 21st century (2001) came Geodmod engine (short for Geometry modification). Also in the same year, there was a creation of a new engine, the Torque engine; it offered change of the game, FPS Tribes 2. It came with fly rendering, fewer polygon counts, and a world map editor (Maurina). Later in 2004, developers introduced Doom 3 engine, it had a special feature of allowing light surfaces processing in real-time but with soft shadows. The next major game engine creation was the Unreal engine (2007) and Frostbite (2009) which raised the bar for game engines. An example of a game using the latter engine is the Battlefield: Bad Company. Finally, the most recent engine by Crytek is the Cry engine being a cross-platform engine and allows commanding in C and C++. Prior to older times where developers would come up with game engines, most game developers today prefer to use the already existing engines only that they put unique features in their work. At the same time, firms that develop game engines find it more economical to build game engine components as opposed to use a number of programmers to come up with new game engines. The reusability of game engines is possible due to the concept of middleware in-game engines. Middleware is software enabling a given number of programs to interact with one another. It can also be in a single application providing an opportunity for separate aspects of a program function concurrently. Now with this, they give developers a custom API allowing them to make use already existing functions and commands instead of developing their own. Therefore, the firms we had mentioned earlier are fondly called middleware providers. The engines came in different aspects, flavors, functionality and so on. We will single out eight that are easy to work with and more common in the developers world today. First, we have the RPG Maker that pretty simple to use. It has versions for PlayStation, PlayStation 2, and Windows PC. However, it becomes cumbersome to program anything other than RPG when using it. Second, MUGEN mostly used in the fights class and is actually strong though rigid and does not allow deviating much in the design mechanics. Thirdly, the Adventure Game Studio mostly used in the easy to play games where you change direction and click, for instance in games such as Myst and Grim Fandango and has its latest update in April 2011. Unfortunately, not all Mac OS and Linux users can use it. In addition, the Gamemaker is another type that is more flexible with design compared with the rest although it involves a lot of programming. Unity comes as the fifth type and is mostly used in mobile electronics such as the iPod, iPhone, PC and Mac. It has really gained a foothold in the game industry. Next one is the Gamebryo that is simple and easy to use though it requires good coding knowledge. XNA Game Studio by Microsoft that enables a game developer to make a game no matter its size though it is Xbox related thus giving some level of hardship. Finally, the Unreal Engine makes any genre of games no matter the financial ability. Most developers view it as the current best engine available. Apart from being used for developing games, game engines cater for poststroke patients as suggested by Flynn, Sheryl PT, PhD; Palma, Phyllis PT; Bender, Anneke PT in their Case Study Report, Feasibility of Using the Sony PlayStation 2 Gaming Platform for an Individual Post stroke: A Case Report. To add-on that, they are used in visualization as suggested by Dieter Fritsch and Martin Kada in their study Visualization Using Game Engines. Game engines have varied impacts on people depending on the same. First, we look at the positive impacts on an individual. Thanks to the engines, developers have come up with games that offer an opportunity for people to cool off from their daily activities and move on to a new world with controlled events. Additionally, games are a source of entertainment and could develop into a hobby. However, it can lead to addiction reducing creativity in people, affects their social lives, and have problems relating with other people because of dealing with inhuman characters all the time. The subject has positive impacts on the society; developing a game engine generates a significant amount of money that translates to an improved society livelihood. Furthermore, people develop hobbies from playing games. This significantly reduces the crime levels in the society; this is because idleness can lead to crime when people look for ways to keep themselves busy. Game engines also have its negative impacts to the society. As stated earlier, addictions to the games make people less creative and have problems on people. This culminates in societies stagnating with little or no development at all. People have more disagreements, conflicts, and disputes due to lack of well-developed social skills because of the above mentioned. In conclusion, a game engine is a toolkit with various functions and commands modified by the game developers with various features to create games. They have developed over the years from the use of vector graphics and evolving to creating illusions of 3D using 2D sprites and most recently developments of fully 3D graphics games. The benefits of the game engines are that they are pre-written and thus many users can use them to come up with different games. There are many types of the said engines but a few are very common with Unity being the favorite among many developers.

Tale Of Genji Overveiw Essay Example For Students

Tale Of Genji Overveiw Essay 1. The men expected the â€Å"hidden flower† to be from the upper class, however, middle class was acceptable. Being in the lower class was totally unacceptable. The woman must have flawless beauty, intelligence, faithfulness (even though this was hypocritical), and submission. Submissiveness is a wishy-washy characteristic because Genji was most attracted to those that rejected him and did not accept his advances as Murasaki and Aoi did. Genji wanted to mold the perfect woman or â€Å"hidden flower† out of Murasaki. She was hidden away and he kidnapped her to make her into who he wanted her to be. Genji seemed to enjoy the chase and challenges involved with women. He seemed to move from one woman to the next to boost his self esteem and solidify his image as a man. Each woman had admirable traits; however, each woman had very distinctable flaws to Genji, which discredited her from being the â€Å"perfect† woman. For example, Murasaki was very young and not submissive due to her immaturity. Aoi was very harsh and provided no chase for him because she already belonged to him. Rokujo was seven years older than Genji and was very jealous. The Saffron Flower did not possess the flawless beauty that was desired. All of these women were beautiful in their own ways; Genji was too blind to realize it. 2. Geni was charming on the exterior to most that knew him. However, a closer examination reveals that he is selfish, uncompassionate, unfaithful and superficial. He is everything I am not looking for in a man. He sees what he wants and he takes it, as he did with Murasaki. He is very hypocritical. Genji expects his wife to be faithful to him while he is constantly sharing himself with other women. Lady Murasaki does praise Genji; however, her compliments do not match his actions. Lady Murasaki might have experienced a similar experience in her own life. She might have been using Genji as an example to show how men are praised for doing immoral acts such as being unfaithful when women are ridiculed for such acts. 3. Women are expected to serve men submissively. They are like flowersbeautiful, fragile and they have no choice in who comes along and picks them. Women were used for entertainment and satisfaction. The book seemed to basically revolve around Genji’s relationships with women. 4. Clothes represented social status throughout the novel. Even if women were not completely acceptable to Genji, he would send them clothes to bring them up to his standards. People were very self-conscious of style. Still today people are judged based on name brands and styles of clothing. 5. Sneaking around was a central theme in the novel. Shadows and screens enhanced this subject. The houses and rooms were easily entered and open which might have represented the ease with which Genji entered into affairs with various women. The houses were remote which made sneaking around possible. Several instances occurred which represented the characters emotions and the events taking place. For example, the storm after Aoi’s death represented the mourning and darkness in Genji’s life. 6. Poetry and letters were the main form of communication throughout the novel. Secrecy and coded information were very important as well. Secrecy made the encounters more exciting and mystifying. People were judged by how well they wrote poetry and the style in which it was written. The color of the paper was also vital for it set the mood and communicated unwritten emotions. English Essays

Brothers in Arms free essay sample

Brothers When most people hear the word â€Å"brother†, they automatically think of a sibling. Webster’s Dictionary defines it as a male who has the same parents as another or one parent in common with another. I define it as fellow soldiers that have served in the armed forces of the past and present times. There is no greater feeling (in my eyes) than to say you’re part of a brotherhood that helped build a nation. I think this feeling of being a brother extends to local area law enforcement and fire rescue personnel as well. Anyone who has sacrificed their life and have committed themselves to our nation for the â€Å"greater good† so to speak, are all brothers of the parent we call The United States of America. So to further define the term according to me, a brother is any person who is amongst a culture which is completely established. We will write a custom essay sample on Brothers in Arms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You can take the term and define it in many more ways. You can say a brother of a congregation or a brother of an extremist group or even just the human race. Since the beginning of time, I’m sure fellow people have thought of each other as being related in some way and called each other their brother. Being a brother is more than just a biological male sibling or half sibling. I myself am a blood brother to 2 sisters. I will do everything in my power to help my family if they are in need, but I do not share the same ideals as them. We have similar family values, but I carry on different life values. When you become part of a group such as being an American soldier, it brings a sense of pride when you go back to research the history of the brotherhood. I don’t think too much has changed on views of your fellow service members. The camaraderie between us is unlike any blood relationship you can have with a sibling. It’s almost intimate, like a deep feeling or connection with a person brought into the ranks with the same beliefs and values. We are all trained the same and taught the same core values and history of the military services. There are even cited verses in the bible that depict brotherhood. In John 15:13 â€Å"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. † My interpretation of this of this verse shows me that any man will defend someone close to him (â€Å"brother†) to the death. It’s a huge sign of respect to die for someone in hom you believe the same ideas and values. We can all be related as brothers in as many ways as you can find if you really look for it. The bond soldiers have with each other is unlike any other relationship you can have. It isn’t until you deploy with someone and serve in combat or some kind of hardship, that you develop this relationship and brotherhood. When you become part of this typ e of group, you can never consider yourself alone. You will never die alone and no one will leave you behind. You can always count on your fellow soldiers to help you through anything and everything. Day and night, rain or shine, you will have someone who is going through the same things as you and will relate and never let you go through them by yourself. I served in the infamous unit that was named â€Å"The Band of Brothers†. I was part of the 101st Division, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Battalion, 506th Infantry unit. We did everything together. We lived, ate, trained, slept, fought, retrained, joked around, and anything you can think of, we did it together. We knew each other more intimately than our own wives and girlfriends and significant others. Once again, there is no greater feeling that has to come to me than the bond I have with my brothers in arms. I have met many people far and wide and everyone comes from a different background. But if the say they are a vet or are currently serving, we can always relate. I always like to think of being brothers from another mother. We have different personalities but have the same thoughts. We are all united for the same purpose. We defend our country and fight for the liberties we love, share, and take for granted. We are all members of the same profession and trade. We are all soldiers first. We have gone through the same hardships after we signed on that dotted line. By far I have a better relationship with the buddies I served with overseas than I do my own blood family. My sister will never understand what I went through as a soldier. She will never grasp the feelings I have had or felt while I was in a combat zone. Even growing up day in and day out as children we didn’t get along like how I did with my fellow soldiers. I think it’s because we all have the same mentality to make it home alive and well so that we can see our real blood families again. Don’t get me wrong, I love my blood family very much and I love my brotherhood family just the same. I will never forget my experiences and friends that I have had throughout my military career and it has built friendships that truly last forever. Being part of the brotherhood makes me friends to those who didn’t even serve in my conflict, but served nonetheless. Whether it was Vietnam, World War II, Korea, Desert Storm, or the Global War on Terror, we all have the same sense of pride. I am proud to say I have many brothers and that I am part of the greatest nation on Earth.

Establish The Structure, Duties And Reponsabilities Of An EHS Committe Coursework

Establish The Structure, Duties And Reponsabilities Of An EHS Committe Coursework Establish The Structure, Duties And Reponsabilities Of An EHS Committe – Coursework Example Introduction Environmental Health and Safety Committees are usually formulated to facilitate the provision safety measures to various environments i.e. in schools, working environments et cetera. The committee is made of a distinct structure that usually suits the needs and specific roles of the Committee. In Abu Dhabi, there is an EHS Committee that is charged with the management of the environmental safety measures of the City. This discussion will entail establishing a similar structure and highlight the roles and responsibilities of this committee.1. The Executive Council2. Environmental Health and Safety Committee3. Competent Authority4. Target Sector5. Regulatory AuthoritiesThe Executive Council: This is the highest authority in Land it is usually managed by governmental departments that sets overall environmental, health and safety laws for various companies and organizations in their respective countries.Environmental, Health and Safety Committee: This is the committees that is charge of formulating EHS rules, proposals, guidelines and provide expert advice. The committee is usually comprised of people with the appropriate knowledge and skills on issues ascribed to Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines.The Competent Authority: This is the qualified team that is also mandated to undertake the management of various environmental health and safety concerns. The Competent Authority may involve stakeholders like Environmental Health Auditors, environmental safety experts, monitoring and evaluation officers et cetera. Other duties that are usually undertaken by the Competent Authority are: Environmental Auditing, environmental quality checks, training on issues ascribed to environmental health and safety Management. Example of the Competent Authority is the Abu Dhabi Environmental Health and Safety Committee.The Target Sector: This is the target area that is usually guided or benefit from the Environmental, Health and Safety Authorities. They include st akeholders like; tourism sector, the health sector, different employment sectors such as non-governmental organizations and governmental organizations. The Target sector may also include learning institutions et cetera.Regulatory Authorities: This is the enforcement body that is charged with the responsibility of ensuring the EHS rules and regulations are implemented to the latter. They involve organs like administrative authorities, support functions as well as advisory organs that are composed of experts in regard to environmental, health and safety issues.Work Cited"2. Environmental Health and Safety Committee." 2. Environmental Health and Safety Committee. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 July 2014.

Role of music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Role of music - Essay Example Music genre is a convectional category that identifies pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. Due to the artistic nature of music, these classifications are often complained to be arbitrary and controversial. Music genres are diverse and at times sound distinct. For example, comparing classical music to rock music (Richard 89). I aim to expound on classical music. Classical music is understood to be music rooted in Western European traditions performed by trained musicians in formal settings like concert halls, opera houses, and churches. When we hear of classical music, the image that forms in our minds is that of a large number of people with violins, an orchestra, performing in front of an audience. Classical music is the art music of the Western world. If popular music is written just to entertain, classical music is written to express something significant or great. Classical music's roots lay in the chant melodies of medieval religious rites. Classical music trends include trends of the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern eras in their sound worlds and conception. Popular classical music artists include Yo-Yo Ma, Glenn Gould, Philip Glass, and John Adams. Classical music may also include avant-garde music( Hutchings 99). Avant-Garde is taken from the French for "vanguard," which is the part of the armed forces that alwa ys stands at the front of the rest of the army.

Democracy in the Third World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Democracy in the Third World - Essay Example (Tilly, 2007) There are various questions that need to be raised in this context which are as follows: Nationalism is that phenomenon which stems from complete loyalty and love for one's nation. Under the influence of nationalism, a citizen forms his personal sense of identity in context of the broad characterization of the nation. This consequently leads to mass identity along the same lines when like minded persons get together - a phenomenon better described as national identity. Reversibly, the identity of a nation is formed by the sentiments, attitudes and broad cultural assimilation under which its people function. The theories of nationalism and national identity are complementary to each other, and these inspire entire generations. (Tilly, 2007) Two strong factor that influences nationalism is a legacy of colonisation along with the ethnic groups. These factors, when combined provide a series of influences on the culture, historical experience and other such aspects of a nation or a state. This is due to the fact that the effect of colonisation is most seen on the evolution of ethnic groups. This is of special importance when studying a state in a third world country, where ethnic groups and tribes are of paramount importance in the basic structure of the demographics. Third world countries have seen the ravages of colonisation and are still attached to strong ethnic sentiments, in most cases. This makes for a strong context for nationalism. Yet, the character of nationalism and national identity is not enough for the survival of democracy. Democracy requires the strong footing of policy in order to support development so as to maintain a focus on nationalism and not just fighting poverty and hunger. Participants in Public Policy Public policy may be defined as that state of things or action where the public authorities exercise their freedom of choice in order to deal with certain issues. The tools or mechanisms used to deal with these issues are known as public policy. Public policy may also be defined as a set of decisions that are interrelated to one another. These decisions in turn, are taken by political parties, or other individuals involved in social service, with the broad aim of selection of certain goals that will fit into the situation at hand. Public policy may be implements to various aspects of one's public and domestic life, including welfare, health, justice, feminist policies, and interest group conflict, among various others. (Dye, 2001, p. 4 to 7)2 In this context, the participants in the public policy process may be segregated into two categories. The first are the official participants comprising of

Writing Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing Assignment 3 - Essay Example s entail the cost incurred by the investor/borrower whereby, the borrower pays back the principle amount and additional cost for borrowing (interest rates). Therefore, an increase in market interest rates influences incentives to invest in numerous ways. For example, it makes the cost of borrowing to an investor to increase and hence, discouraging borrowing and investment. Further, increase in market interest rates causes the aggregate demand to shrink which further discourage spending and investments. In addition, higher interest rates may leads to higher monthly payments on mortgages. This reduces consumer’s levels of disposable income making it difficult for consumers to have something to invest. Therefore, however, it can be observed that higher interest rates discourage investment as it increases the cost of accessing loans. This influences incentives to invest (DSouza, 2008). Based on the above model, it can be observed that large government budget deficits year after year will have an impact on the equilibrium interest rate. This is because large government deficit causes the amount of loanable funds supplied to be below the equilibrium point. This means that the quantity of loanable funds demanded will be higher than quantity supplied. This in turn causes an automatic increase in interest rates (DSouza, 2008). 4). The reason why McKinsey Global Institute conclude that long-term fiscal sustainability is important for economic growth is because long-term fiscal sustainability helps to pull together required amount of financial resources that may be utilized for investments and establishing long term economic growth (DSouza, 2008). Coombs, G., & South Australian Centre for Economic Studies. (2001). Essays on regional economic development. Rundle Mall, SA, Australia: South Australia Centre for Economic Studies in association with Wakefield

Satan As An Epic Hero In Paradise Lost Religion Essay

Satan As An Epic Hero In Paradise Lost Religion Essay The greatest writer after Shakespeare in 17 century is John Milton. John Milton (1608 -1674) was the most prominent English poet, thinker, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. His masterpiece Paradise Lost arouses hot debates among scholars since it appeared. In that era, England is a religious unsteady and political shake-up nation. Concerning about the fate of his country, John Miltons poetry and prose all reflect deep confirmations and deal with contemporary issues. After his death, Miltons critical reception on a state of affairs continued to make great influence towards the masses through the centuries. He is still generally regarded as one of the remarkable writers and thinkers in English.Although he was born in a puritan family, John Milton boldly chose God and the devil Satan as the main roles in his work. Whats more, he endowed the latter one with heroic spirit which may risk everyones condemnation. Satans resistance to God mirrors the revolutionary and heroic spirit of the bourgeoisie. While he finally loses the joyful heaven and Adam and Eve lose the Eden. All these consequences are the hints of the capitalist classs failure and the feudalistic classs restoration. Can the devil be an epic hero? In John Miltons Paradise Lost- the great epic from the English Renaissance, this topic was discussed time and again. Numbers of scholars believe that Paradise lost should be one of the most outstanding products of the Renaissance, especially when talking about the question can the devil be an epic hero? For Miltons part, Satan is dauntless, quick-witted and powerful and he is also an excellent leader. He is quite distinctive from the traditional heroes in many famous works. In Paradise Lost, the Genesis story upon the corruption of man was recreated by the author, as a matter of fact, caused by Satan. For the sake of Satans deadly shortcomings of arrogance and ambition, he decided to fight with Heaven. In the end, even though he was defeated, he refused to give up his war against God, always betting to do wrong against the heaven and the human beings succeeding with mans fall from grace. Paradise Lost starts, not with the expected potential heroes of th e Genesis stories, God or man, but it begins instead with Satan, therefore paying great attention to him, his actions and characteristics. Milton, introduce Satan by condemning him as the reason leader to the fall of man, Who first seduced them to that foul revolt? /the infernal Serpent (1.33-34). in this sentence it implied that Satan had begun to be set up as the final rebel, not just of the epic, but of humanity. Milton easily represented Satans pride that led to his ultimate failure. He tried to overthrow God; while unluckily he was cast into the Hell, but Milton also told us, for now the thought/both of lost happiness and lasting pain/Torments him(1.55-56). At once, the author tried to make Satan to be a pitied, more human and less evil role. He also described Satans physical character to be in bulk as huge/as whom the fables name of monstrous size, / Titanian(1.196-198), and then Deeming some island, (1.205), which means that Satan has a vast figure and even a sailor would mak e a mistake. He may think that Satan is an island on which he can moor his boat. Satans size growing extreme larger comparing with the others supports Satan as the hero. Satan is so physically impressive that Milton cant find anyone who can match him. Hence he is distinctive from the other angels and men. In the English Renaissance, theres no doubt that John Miltons Paradise Lost was generally regarded as the main work. The Renaissance is believed to have originated in Florence in the fourteenth century, in which there was a revival of interest in the classical antiquity. Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio, but also painters like Giotto were the important figures of that age. From the end of the fifteenth century on, it has become known as the High Renaissance, when some Italian cities started to compete with Florence upon the leading position. Therefore, the thought of Renaissance spread out from the early sixteenth century onwards. This revival and influence of classical culture, art and literature was typically represented in both Paradise Lost and La Divine Commedia, especially describing the setting of the underworld. This is a general literary motivation of the classical epic works. Inspired by all the literatures at that era, Milton decided to write his epic poem. Milton had a purpo se of writing an epic poem upon a noble subject decades before he started writing Paradise Lost in 1658. In his famous work At a vacation Exercise in the College (1628), he already mentioned that he would like to devote himself to singing in the manner of Homer and at the same time, he envisioned writing a poem concerning wars and heaven under Jupiter. Notes and drafts from around 1640 include four drafts of projections of the fall of man, one of them called Paradise Lost and another Adam unparadizd. It took Milton almost twenty years writing controversial prose and political pamphlets and he was a strong supporter of liberty of conscience, free will and human choice. The story itself shows that the fall from heaven of Satan and the other angels who betrayed against God. As a matter of fact, the Renaissance humanism can be easily found in this work. It quickly developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century, and was also a resounding response to the challe nge of medieval scholastic education. It emphasized the practical, scientific and pre-professional studies. On the contrary, sHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholasticismcholasticism pay much attention to cultivating the preparing men to be doctors, lawyers or professional theologians, and their subjects contain logic, natural philosophy, medicine, law and theology, etc.. Opposite from the training professionals in jargon and serious drill, humanists did all they could to create a citizenry who was able to speak and write with eloquence and clearness. For this reason, they would be capable of persuading others to engage the civic life of their communities virtuously and do some cautious actions. Because Miltons work was deeply influenced by the Classics, Paradise Lost can be classified as an epic. Thanks to this masterpiece, the poet Milton is still famous until now. Many scholars believe that this work is one of the most prominent products of the Renaissance and particularly as to the topic can the devil be an epic hero? Satan in Miltons eyes was bold, resourceful and formidable and as well an excellent leader. When reading the work, after a few pages, the reader may indeed get the impression that Satan is a great epic hero of that age. Milton did not deny the truth of the bible so as to establish the freedom of the individual. He built on the great Christian paradox which asserted that true freedom depended on the service for God. This pull the traditional thought into a new setting, even a revolutionary setting, is Miltons great power. When talked about the aim of the poet to write this poem, it was to find the root of the humans unfortunateness. For his part, he believed the reason that human beings were easy to be swayed by their emotions, chose the wrong way and finally lose their joyful paradise was for the sake of their weak reason and nerves. The fall of Eve was due to her aimlessness for finding new knowledge. The fall of Adam was due to his indulgence to Eve. The fall of Satan was due to his great ambitions and self-satisfaction. Through their bitter experience, Milton wanted to imply that the English capitalist classs bitter loss was due to their moral corruption and voluptuousness. He inherited the humanism in 16 century and at the same time, accepted the new scientific achievement in 17 century. However, he held a critical attitude towards them. He confirmed life trick but he denied the unlimited pleasure. He confirmed enterprise and sense of proud while he denied the ambitions and proud which evolve fro m them. He confirmed science while he also thought that science didnt mean all. If people only had science but no ideal and justice, they would never get peace and happy. Such kind of thinking was the reflection of his Puritanism. Milton criticized the proud Satan inwardly, while emotionally he sympathized Satans status, because the punishment of Satan looks so much like the pressure of the capital class. When descried the hell, although Milton kept on saying that Satan was proud, ambitious, from the dialogues, Satan was just a vivid oppressed revolutionary. This image was so splendid, and his fighting determination stood out brightly against the extreme dangerous hell. This was the indelible memory of English bourgeoisie, also a prominent art achievement. Satan was a role who had significant obstacles to overcome in order to realize his goals. In the historical long river, epic heroes in epic poetry shared some similar characteristics, thus it seems like Milton felt his own duty to make Satan to be the epic hero in Paradise Lost. His characteristics in the poem shared some similarities with those of previous epic heroes such as Odysseus. Epic heroes have some likeness. They are quite powerful, brave, and convincing; no matter what odds are against them, they will get rid of the difficulties and achieve their goals, and most important of all, they are leaders. Actually, Satan possesses of such kind of the qualities in Paradise Lost. First of all, in the first beginning, Satan had lost the war he fight against God and the angels in heaven and was chained on the burning lake. Satan and his fellow rebel angels were banished to live in horrid dwellings. Milton described the discomfort of hell mentioned by Satan Oh how unlike the place from whence they fell! There the companions of his fall, overwhelmed with floods and whirlwinds of tempestuous fire (1.97). This shows that Satan met with important obstacles as most epic heroes encounter. Satan was powerful and large in size which usually personifies epic heroes. Lay floating many a rood, in bulk as huge as whom the fables name of monstrous size, Titanian or Earth-born, which warred on Jove (1.95).    Milton shows that Satan was also the reflection of bravery and leadership because Satan, although currently in censure, still upholds his principles that enlisted him in hell in the first place. He says all is not lost the unconquerable will, and study of revenge, immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome? That glory never shall his wrath or might extort from me (1.106-111). The core of Satans heroism in this poem is that though that he would fight against all the odds, he was still in favor of his own beliefs and fought till the end to preserve his beliefs. He says We shall be free; the Almighty hath not built Here for his envy, will not drive us hence: Here we may reign secure; and, in my choice, to reign is worth ambition, though in Hell: Better to reign in the Hell than serve in Heaven (1.259-263). Satan and his rebel angels achieve the ideology which was As being the contrary to His high with whom we resist. If then His providence, Out of our evil seek to bring forth good, Our labor must be to pervert that end, And out of good still to find means of evil(1.161-165). Satan inspired the openly opposition to God and uprooted the passion of his followers to continue their fury of damaging God. All he his followers were persuaded during his speech Can make a Heaven of Hell, and a Hell of Heaven (1.255). Satan and his adherents wanted no parts of Heaven any more because they couldnt bear to service for God any longer. Thus they were adamant about creating their own Kingdom in hell where they would call Gods precious mankind up. All in all, the characteristics of Satan and his actions corporately made him the competitor of the epic hero role in Paradise Lost.    Milton portrayed Satan as a vengeful, manipulative, trickish, lying, and vicious individual. Nevertheless, Milton also showed Satans loyalty to the objective that he and the rebellious angels were pursuing. But first of all, lets begin with Satins vengeful ways. To begin with, Satan was seen as vengeful because even though hed already been punished and thrown to the pits of hell from heaven, he still remains firm in his rebellion of the Almighty and seeks to damage heaven. Satan and his constituents s malevolence was so obvious in their decision that they wouldnt attack Heaven through war, but attack the newest creation of God, Man. Satan volunteered his services to seduce them to our party, that their God May prove their foe, and with repenting hand Abolish his own works. This would surpass Common revenge, and interrupt his joy (2.-371). Besides, Satan was manipulative and trickish because to further his mission of seducing and corrupting man on earth, he had to design a perfect met hod to enter the gate of earth, and thus he casts to change his proper shape which else might work him danger or delay: and now a stripling Cherub he appears(634-636). In an attempt to cheat and manipulate the guard Uriel, Satan transformed into a cherub which is a humbly ranked angel in heaven. From this we can find that he is quite a scheming individual. Whats more, Satan demonstrated the acts of lying and deceit when he corrupted Eves mind in the Garden of Eden and persuaded her to pick the fruit from the forbidden tree of knowledge. He transformed himself once again into a snake, and instigated Eve that she could eat from the tree of knowledge. So glistered the dire Snake, and into fraud Led Eve, our credulous mother, to the tree of prohibition, root of all our woe (10.643-645). All of these actions- lying, manipulation, deceit, and the risks committed by Satan show his loyalty to the purpose. For the sake of destroying mankind just to annoy God immensely shows his loyalty and c ontribution. Milton clearly emphasizes the character of Satan through his high detailed recounts of Satans mischief. Satan had become a by any means type of attitude when it came to pleading his honor and upholding his beliefs which led to the deception, manipulation, and lying that he was notorious for throughout Paradise Lost. He was the epic hero in the story because in this story he was the underdog. No one expected for him to be fully victorious in his displays, and while he might not fully accomplished all goals. It was proved that he was firm in his plot against God. In the summary part, Milton expressed the differences between human beings and Satan. Different from Satan and his followers, Adam and Eve didnt choose a destructive gamble. Adversely, they kept a hopeful and humble behavior. Adam even assimilated himself to the corruptive archangel saying that his pain was never before and never again. Nevertheless, the biggest difference was when they faced with the possible choices, human beings chose hope while Satan chose a gambling revenge. An essential conception here was that previous life was doomed. John Milton quite opposed this idea. He was strongly in favor of the free willingness. As the plot spread, the distinctions between human and Satan gradually expressed. Adam and Eve denied the opinion of Satan that all people should sink with ignorance, and they decided to be submissive to God under his arrangement. Different from Satans determination to revenge on all the violated deities, people chose to be peaceful to the omnipotent God. Sata n couldnt absolutely repent and mend his ways or pray for forgiveness in such a desperate condition. Although he was firm, he was defeated by the holy son who was bestowed the spirit and power by God. No matter whether we were in favor of Satan and his troops sacrifice or human beings final submission, Milton insisted on the terminal decision of the inner heart throughout. In spite of failure, Satan was fully confident that he couldnt help facing with such condition. And that Adam and Eve knew their happy heaven had been lost, so they hope to regard it as a realm which their soul could arrive. They hoped that their spirit could live here. Though won the war and be called the winner, the holy son didnt experience the conversion or adventure like other characters. Although the revolution was a failure, the revolutionaries were bloodily suppressed; Miltons revolutionary fighting would never be deducted. To convey this topic, the devout believer Milton described God as a cruel feudal monarchy and a blinkered tyrant at all cost so that he could allude to the cruel repression to the puritans of Charlie à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¡ at that black age. The greatest opponent and the most vicious devil Satan was fashioned into a handsome, tall and smart revolutionary leader for the sake of singing the praises of revolutionaries. Satans rebellion was put down by God, and the devil party was thrown into the fire lake for sufferings; however, Satan never loses his fighting will, he was adversely active to organize his own force and waited for rising from the ashes. He built his own palace as a new kingdom in the hell and openly content against God. He preferred being the king in the hell to submitting to God as an official in the heaven. From this we can find his tire less fighting spirit towards the God, the authority and the highest dictator. The author borrowed the image of Satan to express his own anger and contempt towards the feudal tyrant Charlie à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¡ and his firm confidence towards the revolutionary success. Thanks to his revolutionary passion, his Satan was full of sound and color and surpassed his god morally. The hero of this poem is a man named Satan who is banished for challenging the leadership of the clan. This man Satan makes a vow to destroy or corrupt anything created by the clan. This Satan was resourceful, making the best of what he had, very little, and accomplishing his goal. Satan may just be the nonconformist who couldnt abide by what was considered normal. In any case one must show their admiration for Satan in his unwillingness to serve in Heaven, and then in the way he accepted his resulting role in Hell. Although it was quite hard to prove who the real hero was in Paradise Lost, as a whole, sprit-internal perfect, intelligent independence and individual power in this masterpiece give people the comprehensive epic virtue. Fundamentally, Milton abandoned the whole epic conception in this work and changed it into an experience of immediate concern to himself. This experience wasnt his flattery to his culture and beliefs, but a real chance for readers spiritual practice. No matter how painful a person is, John Miltons Paradise Lost will awake him up after experiencing such a spiritual trip and convert the intangible blackness into wholesome consciousness and bright mind. People may say that Milton fight for republic form of government and exposed Satan. While from his condemnation to Satans audaciousness and infidelity, more than once display the false faces and insincere attitude of English bourgeoisie activists. Yet Satans fearless lofty quality, to a large extent, eulogized his cotemp oraries heroic dauntless spirit.

Success with Orgination and Time Management :: essays research papers fc

Success With Organization and Time Managment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Returning to college after having been out of the school system for seven years has been quite a challenge. For me, high school was relatively easy; I had a teacher there to hold my hand every step of the way. The college scene is completely different as O'Keeney states, â€Å"You’re really on your own when it comes to passing courses.† Having strong organization and time management skills has helped make my time at college successful thus far.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I owe a great deal of gratitude towards my work experiences. Without them, I would be having an extremely difficult time in college because â€Å"As a college student, you will be in complete control of your time and how you use it† (Surviving Freshman Year). One of the experiences that I gained while working in accounting was the ability to manage time well. With the lack of employees and increasing work-load, I had to be able to complete of all my work in a given time, and needless to say, with almost perfect accuracy. That was a very challenging task, but the only way I was able to keep my head on straight was by placing everything into organized stacks ranging in order of importance. I have taken this experience and reused it for school purposes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the goals I set for myself is to select the classes that are needed for my degree in the nursing profession; hence, I need to â€Å"Know what courses are being offered, and decide which ones you’re interested in† (Surviving Freshman Year). I looked at the suggested number of credit hours to take and decided which classes would fit into those hours, trying to only include one course that I knew would be difficult. As it worked out, this semester I have classes all week with the exception of Thursday, when I have no classes. For the days that I am at school, I have anywhere from 3  ½ to 5 hours of studying time in between my morning and afternoon classes. I use this time to my advantage. It helps keep me on track to â€Å"Study at a regular time and in a regular place† (Surviving Freshman Year). The study rooms in building B are great for those times. O'Keeney's suggestion is to â€Å"Find a room at home or a spot in the library that is relatively quiet – and boring.

Prisoner Reentry in Michigan

The state of Michigan spends more money on jails and prisons than it does on education, but is this money well spent? The Michigan Prisoner ReEntry Initiative would suggest that it is. The MPRI is a collaborative effort that draws from the commitment of community groups, the Michigan Department of Corrections, and other state agencies. Launched in 2003 and expanded statewide in 2008, the initiative’s mission is to equip every released offender with tools to succeed in the community.The MPRI is a nationally recognized commitment to public safety that gives prisoners the tools they need to succeed in a process that begins when they enter prison and continues through parole and reintegration into the community. The MPRI has effectively reduced Michigan’s prison population, recidivism rate, and crime rate. (Figure 1) It has broken the cycle of soaring Corrections costs by investing in safe alternatives to costly and unnecessarily long stays in prisons.By breaking the cycle of crime and incarceration, the MPRI has managed to cut spending on prisons down by 293 million dollars annually, and although that may be the biggest benefit it is one of many. (1) The number one goal of the MPRI is to reduce crime. It does that by better preparing parolees before they return to the community, making smarter decisions about who is released and when, and providing enhanced supervision and services in the community. It ensures what Lansing Prison Warden Kenneth McKee calls â€Å"a game plan for success,† which includes a team of supporters from the community who will help them carry out the plan. 1) MPRI begins at intake, when a prisoner’s risk, needs and strengths are measured to develop individualized programming. Prior to parole, offenders are transferred to a reentry facility, and a transition plan, which addresses employment, housing, transportation, mentoring, counseling and any necessary treatment for mental illness or addictions, is finalized in close collaboration with community service providers. After release, officers use firm but flexible graduated sanctions- including short stays in a reentry center if needed-to manage rule breaking before it escalates to more serious transgressions.All correctional jargon aside, the basic message remains; you can’t put offenders back into the situation and lifestyle they came from before prison and expect the outcome to be different. This is where â€Å"reentry† comes into play. (2) The MPRI was built in three phases to create seamless transitions back into society. Phase one is the â€Å"getting ready† phase. This phase begins the day the prisoner enters the prison. It starts at the reception center with a comprehensive assessment of each prisoner’s risk factors, needs and strengths.A Transition Accountability Plan is formed to determine the services the prisoner will need to prepare them for life after prison. This plan also establishes a set of expecta tions for the prisoner and how well they adhere to the plan weighs heavily in decisions made by the Parole and Commutation Board. Phase two is the â€Å"going home† phase. This phase begins about two months before the prisoners expected release date. During this phase, prisoners identified as needing more intensive preparation and support are transferred to an â€Å"in-reach† center, a prison closer to home.This helps set the stage for a smooth and successful transition. The focus during this phase is also to help the prisoner find work and become â€Å"employable† as well as setting up stable housing. Depending on their needs, prisoners are linked with community services such as substance abuse treatment, mental health services, or sex offender therapy. The conventional role of a parole officer is transformed to a case manager in an effort to help the transition team get a support system in place.When the parole date arrives the prisoner is armed with a structu re and support network in place to help them succeed. Lastly, phase three is called the â€Å"staying home† phase. As opposed to a decade ago where parolees were released on a Friday and had a weekend or more to get into trouble before their first meeting with their parole agent, they are now released earlier in the week and they promptly meet with their parole agent and service providers. This first meeting is used to establish job leads, assist with resumes, ensure medical assistance if needed and identify stable housing. 1) This transformation of Michigan’s corrections system has been remarkable, but it did not happen overnight. Over the course of eight years the MPRI has moved from an idea of fixing a broken system to a comprehensive strategy that is changing the nature of prisons. In doing this the MDOC has created many employment opportunities for positions such as parole agents, corrections officers, teachers and case managers. The transformation has also change d the way former prisoners view people in these positions.Grand Raids police officer Terry Dixon runs a weekly support group for MPRI participants and says that â€Å"Many are looking at police officers in a new way, as supporters. † (1) The MPRI is constantly meeting challenges; one of the largest being special needs prisoners. Those include youths, the medically fragile, those with mental health issues and sex offenders. Before the MPRI, says Michigan Parole and Commutation Board Chairwoman Barbara Sampson, parole board members were reluctant to grant parole to the mentally ill because they knew services were not in place to help them succeed.Now, she said, the transition accountability plans are designed to ensure a smooth transition to the community. Similarly, she said, effective new treatment programs are in place for sex offenders. (1) The $56 million spent on the MPRI in fiscal year 2011 is substantial, but it is only a small fraction of the $2 billion Michigan Depart ment of Corrections budget, and it is paying back dividends in public safety and reducing the prison population.The rate of parolees returning to prison for new crimes or technical violations is at its lowest level since record keeping began 23 years ago. Even though there are more parolees, the number returning to prison for new crimes fell from 2. 020 in 2006 to a projected 1,836 in 2010. Michigan’s prison population grew by nearly 500% between 1973 and 2003, consuming a much greater share of tax payer dollars. The number of prisoners has safely declined by almost 7,500 since March of 2007 and is at its lowest level since 1999.As a result the state has been able to close 14 correctional facilities. (1) It is important to recognize what the MPRI is and what it is not. It is not a magic potion that will eliminate crime. It is also not an early release program. Every parolee has served at least the minimum court imposed sentence. MPRI is a strategy that pulls together the stat e, the community, police, mentors, therapists, and others to give each returning prisoner a game plan for success.Former Saint Clair County Community College professor Michael Berro explains the MPRI bottom line as being â€Å"the understanding that the majority of felony offenders will return to our community. We should prepare them for it so they don’t end up back here, spending our tax dollars again. † (3) Michigan may be spending more money on jails and prisons than it does on education, but consider the effect the MPRI has had on repeat criminal offenses, inmates in prison and the general crime rate. It has successfully managed to lower all three.When the state’s budget is squeezed by declining tax revenue, and areas of spending are under question, it seems the success of a government funded program couldn’t come at a better time. WORKS SITED 1. Michigan Department of Corrections. (2010). Michigan Prisoner ReEntry Initiative 2010 Progress Report. Lan sing: Public Policy Associates, Inc. 2. Wesoloski, E. (2011, April 15). Pew Center Report Lauds Michigan Prisoner Reentry Initiative. Prisons and Prisoners, p. 1. 3. Berro, M. (2006, March 13). Former Maccomb County Parole Supervisor, College Professor. (R. Spangler, Interviewer)

What is the Destiny of the Aff essays

What is the Destiny of the Aff essays What Is The Destiny of The Affirmative Action Program? Affirmative Action has long been proposed to be a solution to the injustices that were done to minorities years ago. Originating over thirty years ago in 1964, it allowed minorities easier access to jobs and education that were normally saved for only mostly white Americans. The Affirmative Action program is defined as a series of procedures, steps, programs, and policies designed to overcome the effects of past discrimination on present day minority members (Encyclopedia Americana 241). It has now been many decades since the programs induction into society, and it has made radical changes in the way minorities are treated. We are now living in a more equal society than ever before, but we still have affirmative action. Some people are tired of the program, arguing that it has run its course. Yet others think it is still needed and is still very much an important part of American society. Maybe there is a happy medium that can be met. So today we ask the question: What sho uld be done with the affirmative action program? Reform is the answer. This program has always been a very controversial issue, in the area that people are hearing several more complaints of reverse discrimination. Certain groups believe that the program has served its purpose and it is now time to move on. People are tired of hearing minorities telling their stories about how they are not being treated fairly, when the Affirmative Action program has already given them an advantage, in certain fields over the majority, by lowering required standards on tests and job qualifications. I have learned over the years about the affirmative action program. People are starting to believe that the program is giving the minorities an advantage that is unfair to the majority. Recently there have been many accusations of reverse discrimination. One example of this was in the court case, Adarand ...

The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare

The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare The Taming of the Shrew, by William Shakespeare, is a play concerned with the gender issues and social issues that were taking place in the Elizabethan times and are also resonating within our modern society. These issues include the subjugation of women, love and marriage and the superficiality which was and is, taking place in society. It is a worthy play, as Shakespeare expresses these concerns through the use of humour, parallel plots and deceptive disguises.One of the major concerns that are brought to light in this play is the intricate relationships and dealings with love and marriage. In society, marriage is considered to be a communal joining of two people who are in love. This is not always the case, as is shown in The Taming of the Shrew, as greed can have a stronger pull to man's heart than love. Wealth is always sought out in the play, and an example of this is Petruchio's reason for marrying Kate.Petruchio forces Katherina to call the sun the moo..."Thou knowst not gold 's effect." This shows us that Petruchio only wants to marry Kate for the large dowry that he will receive from her father, Baptista. This is later confirmed, when Petruchio enquires Baptista about the dowry.Petruchio is not the only person in The Taming of the Shrew who marries for money. After finding out that Bianca was wooed by Lucentio, Hortensio decides to marry a very wealthy widow. This is also another case of money taking over love. Reputation also plays a major part in this. An example of this is when Kate ties up her sister to find out which of her suitors she really loves. She is desperate to marry, and does not want to be shamed by being a widow. "What will you not suffer for me? ... I...

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 1 - Essay Example It is true that in today's world the Iranian government was â€Å"Feeling its oats.† The government is looking for a way for Iran to gain more influence in the region. That is one of the reasons they were pursuing a nuclear program. At the same time they were also pursuing partnerships with both Syria and Hezbollah in Lebanon which has allowed them to further hem Israel into its corner. They wanted to have more influence and impact on the countries in the region. The truth is that because the American invasion of Iraq left a power vacuum in the region, the Iranians have been able to capitalize on it and gain more influence in Iraq. In a sense, Iranian interests have been served, but so have American ones. This has encouraged them and given them confidence as they pursue the expansion of their belligerent programs. They must be stopped. The United States must not allow this aggression to stand. At risk is their relationship with their ally Israel. Israel is under direct threat from Iran whose leaders have many times threatened to destroy them (The Economist). The truth is that the U.S. Can only take Iran at its word.

Fire Protection Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Fire Protection Strategy - Essay Example Safety engineering is much needed in fire safety because engineering involves careful planning. Incorporating safety measures in structures and buildings is a must under the Building Regulations 2000 (Health and Safety Executive, 2007) and other significant legislations on fire safety and prevention. It should occupy careful study by engineers and architects. The principles in the code must enable the engineer to properly plan the fire safety framework. Experience tells us that many causes of fire are due to poor building design, inadequate emergency procedures, and other necessary measures not being implemented, or not adhering to proper regulations. Furthermore, interior furnishings exacerbate the growth of fires, or they could be the primary cause of fire. Engineers and architects should not neglect installing the necessary fire protective devices in buildings and structures. In public buildings, such as the JB Firth Building, owners should be extra careful in installing furnishings or linings which can be said as â€Å"fuel load† to possible fires. Our report will cover the fire safety strategy, including conclusions and recommendations from our study with respect to the fire safety measures as incorporated in the plan. This will also evaluate whether these are in accordance with the Building Regulations 2000 on Fire Safety and other important legislations on fire safety and prevention. Also included in the report are the application methods of fire risk assessment. We will also examine the materials used in furnishings, structures and linings which should have the strength to withstand fire or heat. We will provide our assessment and summary of the building, and the provisions of the Building Regulations, whether these are being implemented and executed with respect to the detection and warning systems; the means of escape should there be a fire; the internal fire spread linings; the internal

Personal Statement for Graduate Diploma in Law Essay

Personal Statement for Graduate Diploma in Law - Essay Example Third, the institution’s proximity to law firms and courts within London will give me the experience to learn and observe qualified attorneys’ approaches and skills. I believe I will fit into this institution because I am hard working and driven and I like to be exposed to both an academic as well as professional atmosphere. My educational background is diverse, as I studied psychology and sociology at Barnard College, Columbia University. Subsequently I went to London and by now have completed two masters’ programs in Business Psychology at Kingston University, and in International Business at Regents College. Currently, I am working as an assistant to our in-house lawyer at Doyen Capital, a private firm. This experience has exposed me to business contracts and legal issues on a corporate level, and I look forward to expanding my overall knowledge in the legal career. In order to achieve my goal, I strive to complete the Graduate Diploma in Law. Then I strive to complete the Legal Practice training course, and afterwards work under a two-year contract as a trainee in the corporate law field. My final career goal is to become a solicitor and I hope to achieve my goal by first joining an institution that will provide me with a strong foundation in my legal career. ... I appreciate that the basis for wanting to study law and eventually become a solicitor may have been superficial to me, but when I participated in a legal awareness campaign organized by the London Bar Association, I quickly made up my mind to be a lawyer. Thereafter I joined the firm of Leigh Day Solicitors where I worked in the Human Rights and Constitutional Law department. Occasionally, I would accompany the managing partner to courts or tribunals to find out how the courts operated. In addition to this, I was incorporated in the University of London’s Law Faculty Annual Legal Awareness Week where we attended circuit meetings offering legal aid to the less-privileged. These awareness programs and retreats gave me some insight into university life and the moot lectures and debates increased my passion for law. Since I commenced my educational career, I have always been a studious and strong-minded individual, hence I knew that a degree in law at the University that would cu lminate into being a solicitor was the correct decision to make. Initially, I had broad interests in other fields or careers but I have recently become drawn to a career in law due to its complex and intriguing nature in solving daily issues. Law is an area that has interested me since childhood due to the extensive reading that is integral in solving legal issues and I therefore consider myself to be well suited to a career in law, as I do pay much attention to detail and take pleasure in solving social issues that affect the daily lives of human beings. The studies I have had previously have also aided me in observing the actions of others and how their opinions are dictated by external factors and the confidence I gained is important in wading

The Integration of African-American in Competitive Basketball Essay Example for Free

The Integration of African-American in Competitive Basketball Essay Basketball was invented by the Canadian-American physician, educator, and clergyman James Naismith in December 1891, who was then an instructor at the Young Men’s Christian Association Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. The game of basketball being played by both men and women rapidly spread around America and Canada, as well as in other parts of the world. Because of its attractiveness as an informal outdoor game, servicemen of the United States all through the World War II played and introduced the sport in numerous countries. Between 1893 and 1895, many colleges in the United States adopted the game, and for the first time in 1934, college games were played in New York City’s Madison Square Garden, therefore attracting much interest in college basketball. By the 1950s, basketball had developed into a major college sport, leading the way for the escalation of interest in and, consequently, development of professional basketball in 1898 by the National Basketball League. By 1960s, professional teams from every State played before millions of crowds annually. Since the 1980s the National Basketball Association, successor of the NBL, has become one of the most well-liked sports organizations in the world, relatively on account of the marketability of several remarkable star players, most notably the African-American descents like Michael Jordan, Kobe Bryant and Lebron James. Discrimination of African-American in College Basketball Leagues During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, competitive sports were greatly recognized in the United States. Although basketball, unlike in baseball, hockey, and football, was an urban sport played by a diverse population on every level, African-American players were excluded (Parks, Quarterman, Thibault, 2007, p. 99). Because of the popularity of basketball, the American Basketball Association was organized in 1925 and as expected no African-Americans were allowed to join. The case was also true for the Basketball Association of America, which was organized in 1946. Up until 1950, universities and colleges, mainly in the South side of the United States, were prohibited to have a team sport composed of black and white players in view of the Jim Crow Laws. Nevertheless, a number of predominant white universities in the North side of the country did utilize African-Americans on their basketball teams. Some examples were William King of Long Island University, Lawrence Bleach of Detroit University, and Ben Franklin and Bob Yancy of Boston University. Jim Crow Laws Throughout the 1870s and 1880s, in the South side of the United States, it was not unusual for whites and blacks to make use of the same public facilities. However, Supreme Court decisions started to strip away the accomplishments of the Reconstruction movement. Following the American Civil War, most States in South passed state and local anti-African legislation, which were eventually recognized as Jim Crow laws. This included laws that discriminated against African-Americans with regards to public schools attendance and the use of facilities such as public baths, cinemas, hotels, theaters and restaurants. Jim Crow was more than a series of unyielding anti-Black laws, as it was at the time considered a lifestyle. Eventually, however, in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education case, the Supreme Court of the United States declared State-sponsored school segregation as unconstitutional, and the remaining Jim Crow laws were generally overruled by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Miller, Wiggins, 2004, p. 236). Integration of African-Americans in Professional Basketball Prior to the integration of any of the major sport leagues, the National Basketball League already welcomed African-American players that, as a result, forever changed the games. Most followers of the sport may not even be aware of the African-American players and the National Basketball League’s ground-breaking undertakings given that the integration in the NBL and professional basketball in general came with much less elaboration and fewer setbacks than it did in other major sports. In 1942, the National Basketball League, a forerunner to the National Basketball Association, became the first major professional basketball league of the contemporary period to integrate (Parks, Quarterman, Thibault, 2007, p. 99). Integration of African-American in basketball came 16 years before Willie O’Ree skated for the National Hockey League’s Boston Bruins, five years before Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball, and four years before Kenny Washington played football for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (Miller, Wiggins, 2004, p. 235). Unlike professional hockey, football, and baseball, basketball did not integrate a single black player, seeing that during the 1942-1943 season, the National Basketball League integrated 10 African-American players for the two of the league’s teams, namely the Chicago Studebakers and the Toledo Jim White Chevrolets. Bill Jones, a college star-player at the University of Toledo, and one of the last living African-American players from that period, played four games for the Chevrolets. Jones, together with his fellow African-American teammates, Casey Jones, Al Price, and Shanty Barnett, made an immediate impression on the league, introducing some much-needed athleticism and speed to the game. The effect of African-American players to the game, by virtue of their skill, was instantly felt by the fans and other players. In 1943, the National Basketball League’s Cleveland franchise acquired African-American players, and by the same year blacks were playing in such cities as Youngstown, Rochester, and Tri-Cities. Eventually, in 1948 the Dayton team as well integrated. Notwithstanding their pioneering endeavors, both the Toledo and Studebakers disbanded. Nevertheless, the National Basketball League’s contribution to the integration of basketball continued all the way through the league’s final season in 1948-49. Nevertheless, it was not until the 1946-47 season that African-American players joined the league in appreciable numbers. The Rochester Royals, behind owner Les Harrison, acquired former Long Island University star Dolly King, the Tri-Cities Blackhawks signed the Harlem Renaissance star William â€Å"Pop† Gates, and Youngstown acquired the versatile Bill Farrow. Eventually, the Dayton Rens, coached by Gates, became the first all-African-American team to ever participate in a white dominated professional league. In 1965, Texas Western University with a team exclusively composed of African-American players, won the Division I NCAA Championship. It was the first time in an NCAA title game that an all-Black team played an all-white team (Miller, Wiggins, 2004, p. 244). Integration and Popularity of African-American in the NBA Although 80 percent of the current National Basketball Association players are African-American, yet in the first half of the 20th century professional basketball was contaminated by acts of racism, keeping numerous talented African-American off the courts. Originally, every team in the NBA was made up of entirely Caucasian players, but the 1950’s opened several significant changes for African-Americans in the world of basketball. Chuck Cooper became the first African-American to play in the National Basketball Association, and from 1950 to 1960, the professional league witnessed the arrivals of Elgin Baylor, Oscar Robertson, Wilt Chamberlain, and Bill Russell (Miller, Wiggins, 2004, p. 235). The aforesaid players started the ball rolling for Magic Johnson, Karl Malone, Julius Erving, Michael Jordan and now Kobe Bryant and Lebron James. In a period of 50 years, American professional basketball started out from 100 percent down to only 16 percent European-American players, and today, African-American dominated the rosters of the National Basketball Association. In part this trend of professional basketball rosters can be attributed to the ways in which African-American players bring to the game. In 1996, the National Basketball Association named its all time fifty greatest players, composing of 31 African-American and 18 European-American. In 2001, the Basketball Hall of Fame included 34 African-Americans out of the 113 inductees. To a number of fans and many in the media today, the appeal of basketball is tied up with admiring concept of African-American life. Conclusion Basketball is a team competition that has been changed by the presence of African-American, and is now becoming a significant lightning-rod of social, political and cultural change in the United States for over a century. Although the power and grace of Black athleticism has now achieved the high regard and approval of the world, yet for years it was forced to stay on the bench, as segregation in America were severely grounded on race. Like other areas of society, African-Americans’ struggle to be admitted into the world of professional basketball revealed the discriminatory policies and segregated practices of the time. The history of American basketball reveals a compelling chronicle regarding athletic competition in a nation struggling to live up to its principles of democracy and equality. The professional league was without doubt forward thinking and ahead of its time in the utilization and integration of African-American basketball players. Even so, African-American pioneering players have squarely fortified the impact brought by the National Basketball League. People may not appropriately recognize the effects of their undertaking today given that very little recognition has been attributed to the pioneering players of the National Basketball League. Accordingly, African-Americans have changed the National Basketball Association and the manner the game is played today. Collectively African-American players helped bring new confidence, excitement, and energy to professional basketball. The integration is, without doubt, an indicator of the social, political and cultural maturity in the United States. Speech Presentation During the 1950s, basketball had developed into a major sport, leading the way for the intensification of interest in the game. The game of basketball, unlike in baseball, hockey, and football, was an urban sport played by a diverse population on every level; nevertheless, African-American players were excluded. Universities and colleges, mainly in the South side of the United States, were prohibited to have a team sport composed of black and white players in view of the Jim Crow Laws. In 1942, the National Basketball League, a forerunner to the National Basketball Association, became the first major professional basketball league to integrate. The professional league was forward thinking and ahead of its time in the employment and integration of African-American basketball players. Unlike professional hockey, football, and baseball, basketball did not integrate a single black player, seeing that during the 1942-43 season, the National Basketball League integrated 10 African-American players. The effect of African-American players to the game, by virtue of their skill, was instantly felt by the fans and other players. Chuck Cooper became the first African-American to play in the National Basketball Association, and from 1950 to 1960, the professional league witnessed the arrivals of Elgin Baylor, Oscar Robertson, Wilt Chamberlain, and Bill Russell. The aforesaid players started the ball rolling for Magic Johnson, Karl Malone, Julius Erving, Michael Jordan and now Kobe Bryant and Lebron James. Although the power and grace of Black athleticism has now achieved the high regard and approval of the world, yet for years it was forced to stay on the bench. Like other areas of society, the African-Americans’ struggle to be admitted into the world of professional basketball revealed the discriminatory policies and segregated practices of the time. Without a doubt, the history of American basketball reveals a compelling chronicle concerning athletic competition in a nation struggling to live up to its principles of democracy and equality. References Miller, P. B. , Wiggins, D. (2004). Sport and the color line: black athletes and race relations in twentieth-century America. New York: Routledge. Parks, J. B. , Quarterman, J. , Thibault, L. (2007). Contemporary sport management. Human Kinetics.

Cultural Protectionism in the European Union Essay -- national film ind

Since the 1980s the European Union (EU) is pursuing a more liberal trade policy in its multilateral trade negotiations. This liberal approach is the result of the change in company preferences in favour of free trade. The change in business preferences also made politicians to support trade liberalisation. (Young, 2007) While the EU is a lead supporter when it comes to traditional trade policy, it is rather reluctant regarding the liberalisation in other trade areas. The European audiovisual industry is a good example to demonstrate the EU’s protectionist approach. Though there are countries, above all the United States, who are in contrary to the EU, great supporters of the full liberalisation of audiovisual industry. The US government seeks for liberalization of audiovisual services within the framework of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), while other countries, such as the member states of the European Union see the US and the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a threat to their film industry and national culture. In this paper within the European audiovisual sector I will focus on the European film industry. The main question of the paper: why does the EU pursue protectionist policy in case of its audiovisual sector, when in general it is expected to follow liberal trade policy? In order to explain the EU’s behaviour, Alasdair R. Young’s (2007) division of trade policy will be used as theoretical framework. Young differentiates three aspects of trade policy: traditional trade policy, commercial policy, social trade policy. Traditional trade policy includes tariffs and other quantitative measures, occurring at the border in order to discriminate foreign goods. With the rise of export orientation of European manuf... ... WTO members’ commitment in audiovisual services very low. (WTO, 2009) None of the EU member states, nor any other European countries made commitments to liberalize its audiovisual sector, but they all asked for exemption from the MFN principle. On the other side only two countries with considerable economy opted for the liberalisation: US and New Zealand. (Puppis, 2008) What would happen with the film industry in case of the liberalization of audiovisual sector? Why the EU and the member states are so resistant in this matter? Without the MFN exemption, or with more extended liberalization would lead to increase commercialization, even bigger US/ Hollywood share in the European cinemas and televisions. Under the MFN principle the European Union and its member states would not be allowed to set up programs like MEDIA, or quotas for European content. (Puppis, 2008)

Compare the ways in which Poe creates suspense Essay

Poe creates effective suspense in his stories, and two examples of which Poe creates suspense are â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. Poe creates suspense in his stories in various different ways, some are similar in each story, but some are different. Poe’s stories are filled with drama terror and fear, due to the suspense he creates. A lot of his stories are gothic and contain some sort of death or suffering. In the Tell-Tale Heart in the narrator persistently insists that he is not mad although throughout the story we learn more and more that he is in fact mad. He tries to prove his sanity by telling us how carefully he had planned the murder and all the precautions he had taken, but this just further proves his insanity. Also the narrator from the Tell-Tale Heart often talks the reader. Three examples of where the narrator directly speaks to the reader are, â€Å"but why will you say that I am mad?†, â€Å"You fancy me mad†, and, â€Å"if still you think me mad†. Another way that Poe creates suspense is by making the narrator obsessed with something, in the Tell-Tale Heart the narrator is obsessed with the old man’s eye, in the Cask of Amontillado the narrator is obsessed with revenge and in the Pit and the Pendulum the narrator is obsessed with survival, this means we cannot entirely trust the reader says, or what actions he may or may not have done, also the narrator in the Pit and the Pendulum is drugged and tired, although this is not his fault we can trust him the least. â€Å"It must have been drugged, for scarcely had I drunk before I became irresistibly drowsy. A deep sleep fell upon me — a sleep like that of death† Time is shown moving slowly when the sentences are longer and they include more commas, It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening†, â€Å"A watch’s minute hand moves more quickly than did mine†, and, â€Å"For a whole hour, I did not move a muscle† however, when the pace of the story increases and time appears to move faster, the sentences are much shorter, normally including two or three words. â€Å"I threw open the lantern and leaped into the room†, and, â€Å"They heard. They suspected. They knew†. Watches are referenced a few times during the Tell-Tale Heart, to give us a sense of how much time has passed, although it can also mean, as each tick of the watch symbolises a closer movement to the death of all humans, although in this case, the old man’s death. A quote to support this would be, â€Å"A watch’s minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. The narrator compares himself to a watch, suggesting it is he himself who is counting down until the old man’s death, as he is the one in control. Poe uses repetition many times in the story, and the technique is used as each use of repetition helps contribute to adding more atmosphere to the story, adding to the suspense and fear that we already feel. When they are used, the story slows down slightly, which makes our anticipation for finding out what happens next grow, and this pulls us further into the story, making us read on. In the Tell-Tale Heart, as the story is a 1st person account of the event, thinking solely about its use in the plot, it helps underline how detailed the narrator is in his details and how much he obsessed over the murder. â€Å"With what caution — With what foresight — With what dissimulation†, â€Å"How stealthily, stealthily†, and, â€Å"Louder! Louder! Louder! Louder!† In the Cask of Amontillado and the Tell-Tale Heart the protagonist likes to toy with the victim, which they are about to kill. For example in the Cask of Amontillado the protagonist, Montressor, gets out a trowel, which later on that would be the murder weapon, It is this,† I answered, producing a trowel from beneath the folds of my roquelaire. he also gives the victim multiple opportunities the escape and leave the cellar, he also told the victim that he would not die of a cough implying that he would die at the hands of Montressor. â€Å"Enough,† he said; â€Å"the cough is a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough.† And â€Å"True — true,† I replied; â€Å"and, indeed, I had no intention of alarming you unnecessarily — but you should use all proper caution. A draught of this Medoc will defend us from the damps.† Also in the Tell-Tale heart, the narrator is extra kind to the old man, and on the eighth night just before he killed the old man, he knew that the old man knew, that he was in the room, but he didn’t give up and carried on with the murder One of the many ways which Poe creates suspense is that the story is in the first person. This is present in all the stories I have studied, In the Tell-Tale Heart and the Cask of Amontillado the antagonist is the narrator, but in the Pit and the Pendulum the victim was the narrator. This is effective because we can only see what the narrator is seeing and what is going on his head. Sometimes knowing what goes on in the narrator’s head can make us feel sympathy for the victim. For example, we feel sympathy for the old man in the Tell-Tell Heart, as we learn that the old man, had done nothing wrong, and was kind to the narrator. Also this is effective because this makes us more involved with the story. The differences between the stories are that the narrator in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† gets caught by the police, because of his guilty conscience that manifests itself through the beating heart. Montresor, on the other hand, does not get caught, and lives with no one knowing. Montresor is not burdened by accusations of madness like the other narrator is; in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† it seems like the entire purpose for telling the tale is to prove that he isn’t insane. Montresor, on the other hand, just seems to want to tell the tale for the tale’s sake, not to prove that he is sane. In Montresor’s case there is hallucination of the beating heart to force him into confession; very little evidence of a guilty conscience is seen in Montresor. Poe created suspense in various effective ways, some are obvious to spot, and some are not. The Cask of Amontillado and the Tell-Tale Heart are two of his best stories in my opinion, they both create suspense in mostly different, although are very similar or the same. Poe’s stories are still popular today one reason for this could be because of the suspense that is present in his stories. I think one of the main reasons that Poe creates suspense is so that it drags the reader he so the reader would carry on reading.

Emotion and New York Essay

In Proof, there is a contrast presented between the abstract and tangible aspects of life. Claire’s life revolves around everything that is practical while Catherine relies more on things that are theoretical. These choices cause problems in each sister’s life in that they are both disconnected from the real world and neither can relate to other people, including each other. Catherine focuses on the theoretical, letting her life revolve around things that are not tangible, things that other people cannot necessarily see. Early on in the play, Catherine figures out that the number of days she has wasted because of her depression is a mathematically significant number. Math is a very abstract science and this scene shows how mathematically minded Catherine is. It also shows how easily she is able to think abstractly. Her father helps her mathematically manipulate this number right before he admits that he is, in fact, dead at the time of this conversation. Again, Catherine is relying on something intangible, the mental representation of Robert. While Robert was ill, Catherine stayed with him to take care of him emotionally. She did not typically wash dishes, clean the house, or pay bills, Catherine was taking care of her father’s emotional state. In her mind, she was making sure he stayed well by having someone to rely on for the intangible aspects of life. Because Catherine lives in the abstract, she is unable to relate to people who live in the real world. Because of this and other reasons, she has no friends. She tells her father, â€Å"in order for your friends to take you out you generally have to have friends.† Most 25 year olds would go out with friends on their birthday; the fact that she has no friends is odd and causes the audience to worry. In the end of Act 1 Scene 1, Catherine calls the cops to keep Hal from stealing one of her father’s notebooks even though, as she admits in the beginning of Scene 2, she didn’t really want them to come. The cops come back the next morning and are not happy. This shows that she does not relate well with the practical world and its consequences. Unlike her sister, Claire is overly practical, completely engrossed in material aspects of life. While Catherine is at home with their father,  Robert, Claire moves to New York to continue her education, get her own place, and have a job. She pays all the bills from New York, but does not involve herself with other aspects of taking care of their father besides encouraging Catherine to put him in a full time care situation. Bills are very material and concrete, showing how much Claire relies on tangible aspects of life and how well she can deal with these things. When Claire is visiting Catherine for their father’s funeral, she tries to get Catherine to try a conditioner she likes. When Catherine asks Claire for some scientific facts about the Jojoba in the conditioner, Claire replies, â€Å"it makes my hair feel, look, and smell good. That’s the extent of my information about it.† Claire doesn’t know any scientific information about the Jojoba, only how it physically affects her hair. Claire values material objects over immaterial things like emotions, which makes it difficult for her to connect with people and deal with them appropriately. At the party after the funeral, Claire tries to out drink the theoretical physicists and fails miserably waking up with a horrible hangover. Claire does this because she believes, incorrectly, that she is better than the theoretical physicists based on their lack of grounding in the practical world. At the end of Act 1, Claire tells Catherine, â€Å"it’s not your fault. It’s my fault for letting you do it.† This implies that Claire thinks she can control Catherine. Claire believes she can control people like she can control things. Claire also decides she wants Catherine to move to New York so she can keep a better eye on her. She tells Catherine â€Å"it would be much easier for me to get you set up in an apartment in New York† again showing how she wants to control Catherine’s life and does not show regard for Catherine’s emotions such as Catherine’s desire to stay in her home town and her sense of belonging there. Due to Catherine and ClaireÂ’s different priorities, they do not relate to each other and have a disconnected relationship. This is established early on in the play when Catherine says to her father, â€Å"she is not my friend, she is my sister†¦And I don’t like her.† It is clear from this statement that Catherine does not feel connected to Claire. At one point Claire goes so far as to accuse Catherine of being insane, claiming that Catherine has made up  Harold Dobbs. She later meets Hal and does not even apologize to her sister. Sadly, this is not the only thing Claire does to show complete disregard for her sister’s feelings. When Hal shows up in Act 1 Scene 2, Catherine makes a big scene and Claire completely ignores her. “CATHERINE: Okay? I really donÂ’t need this, Claire. IÂ’m fine, you know, IÂ’m totally fine, and then you swoop in here with these questions, and “Are you okay?” and your soothing tone of voice and “Oh, the poor policemen” Ââ€" I think the police can handle themselves! Ââ€" and bagels and bananas and jojoba and “Come to New York” and vegetarian chili. I mean it really pisses me off, so just save it. (Beat.)CLAIRE: (smoothly to HAL) IÂ’m Claire. CatherineÂ’s sister.”Clearly Claire is ignoring CatherineÂ’s emotions and chooses to not try to deal with her sister’s fit. This is also an example of how Catherine inappropriately deals with her own emotions and her sister’s attempts to help. Claire cannot be there for Catherine if she wonÂ’t deal with any emotions and Catherine chooses not to react calmly to ClaireÂ’s assertions. Neither sister has found the best way to live their life, they need to find a happy medium between the practical and theoretical aspects of life so that they can function properly in the real world and relate to the people living in it. Works Cited: Proof by David Auburn